{
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "segments": [
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "0",
      "endTime": "2.389",
      "body": "I hate buying a new computer."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "2.924",
      "endTime": "6.445",
      "body": "It's not the selection process or hunting around for a deal."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "6.837",
      "endTime": "10.049",
      "body": "It's knowing that when I purchase it, it's already out of date."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "10.584",
      "endTime": "14.003",
      "body": "And there's a singular moment in my life that reminds me of this."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "14.579",
      "endTime": "20.489",
      "body": "I was around 12 years old, and I really wanted to upgrade the family computer, but my parents didn't want to."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "20.489",
      "endTime": "28.313",
      "body": "So I would go on IBM.com, back when they sold personal computers, and spec out the best desktop PC I could."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "28.874",
      "endTime": "36.918",
      "body": "I think back to how if my parents would have spent that money, which, let's be clear, they would not have, that computer would have been worthless now."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "37.678",
      "endTime": "44.922",
      "body": "And after everything I've learned over the years, there's one reason that explains why tech is outdated so quick, and that's Moore's Law."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "45.703",
      "endTime": "52.766",
      "body": "From a kid with a chemistry set, to a man who defined the future of computing, on this episode of In the Shell."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "75.078",
      "endTime": "77.679",
      "body": "Developers! Developers! Developers! Developers!"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "77.739",
      "endTime": "82.902",
      "body": "Janus and I don't own phones. Neither should you people, if you have any kind of common sense."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "84.383",
      "endTime": "89.946",
      "body": "Let's talk about Gordon Moore, a Silicon Valley icon who didn't just co-found Intel."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "90.226",
      "endTime": "97.19",
      "body": "He fundamentally changed the trajectory of technology with an idea so powerful it became known as Moore's Law."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "97.71",
      "endTime": "104.153",
      "body": "It's the reason your smartphone is exponentially more powerful than the first computers that sent astronauts to the moon."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "104.954",
      "endTime": "110.317",
      "body": "But before we dive into his groundbreaking prediction, let's take a step back and look how he got there."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "110.977",
      "endTime": "117.22",
      "body": "Gordon Earl Moore was born on January 3rd, 1929, in San Francisco, California."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "118.281",
      "endTime": "122.143",
      "body": "He grew up in Redwood City, the son of a county sheriff and a homemaker."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "122.543",
      "endTime": "126.245",
      "body": "By all accounts, Gordon was a curious but quiet kid."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "126.725",
      "endTime": "132.969",
      "body": "His defining moment came in 1940, when 11-year-old Gordon got a chemistry set for Christmas."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "132.969",
      "endTime": "135.47",
      "body": "That little gift lit a spark."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "136.35",
      "endTime": "142.454",
      "body": "Gordon decided then and there that he wanted to be a chemist, and that decision set the course for his life."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "143.334",
      "endTime": "151.298",
      "body": "After high school, Gordon started at San Jose College, but quickly transferred to UC Berkeley, where he earned a degree in chemistry."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "151.879",
      "endTime": "161.124",
      "body": "He went on to Caltech for his PhD in chemistry, working alongside some of the biggest names in science, including Nobel laureates like Glenn Seaborg."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "161.124",
      "endTime": "168.047",
      "body": "By the time he graduated in 1954, Gordon wasn't just a scientist, he was ready to innovate."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "168.628",
      "endTime": "177.052",
      "body": "Moore's career really kicked off when he joined the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, led by William Shockley, one of the inventors of the transistor."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "177.552",
      "endTime": "181.754",
      "body": "But Shockley's management style was, let's just say, less than inspiring."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "182.375",
      "endTime": "189.479",
      "body": "Gordon and seven of his colleagues, known as the Traitorous Eight, left to form Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "190.259",
      "endTime": "195.462",
      "body": "This move wasn't just about better working conditions, it was a pivotal moment in tech history."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "196.362",
      "endTime": "202.425",
      "body": "Fairchild didn't just produce semiconductors, it laid the foundation for what would become Silicon Valley."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "203.386",
      "endTime": "215.112",
      "body": "In 1965, Gordon was working at Fairchild, as the director of research and development, when Electronics Magazine asked him to predict the future of semiconductors over the next ten years."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "215.853",
      "endTime": "219.214",
      "body": "Gordon wasn't one to make baseless guesses, he was a scientist."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "219.675",
      "endTime": "223.757",
      "body": "So he analyzed data from the past five years and noticed something remarkable."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "223.757",
      "endTime": "229.24",
      "body": "The number of transistors on integrated circuits had been doubling roughly every year."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "230.24",
      "endTime": "232.161",
      "body": "This observation wasn't just a fluke."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "232.481",
      "endTime": "241.886",
      "body": "Gordon realized there was a pattern, one that reflected how engineers were continuously figuring out ways to make components smaller and pack them more densely onto chips."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "242.567",
      "endTime": "252.612",
      "body": "In his article, he predicted that this trend would continue for at least a decade, meaning that by 1975, computers would be far more powerful and affordable."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "253.192",
      "endTime": "255.874",
      "body": "But here's the thing, it didn't stop there."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "256.194",
      "endTime": "262.057",
      "body": "By 1975, Gordon revised his timeline to about every two years, and this became..."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "262.057",
      "endTime": "268.315",
      "body": "what we now know as Moore's Law. It wasn't just a prediction, it became the roadmap for the entire"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "268.315",
      "endTime": "274.393",
      "body": "tech industry. Engineers and companies adopted it as a challenge, pushing the limits of technology"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "274.393",
      "endTime": "282.155",
      "body": "to keep up with Gordon's vision. In 1968, Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce, another member of the"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "282.155",
      "endTime": "288.554",
      "body": "traitorous eight, decided to strike out on their own. They founded NM Electronics, which would soon"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "288.554",
      "endTime": "295.594",
      "body": "be renamed to Intel. At Intel, Moore and Noyce, along with Andrew Grove, revolutionized computer"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "295.594",
      "endTime": "303.598",
      "body": "memory, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. Intel's success cemented Moore's reputation as"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "303.598",
      "endTime": "310.076",
      "body": "both a visionary and a builder. By the time he stepped down as CEO in 1987, Intel had become"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "310.076",
      "endTime": "314.509",
      "body": "one of the most important companies in the world, and its chips were powering everything."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "314.509",
      "endTime": "317.432",
      "body": "from personal computers to industrial machines."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "318.673",
      "endTime": "321.757",
      "body": "But let's break down why Moore's Law has been so impactful."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "322.277",
      "endTime": "325.701",
      "body": "In simple terms, Moore's Law is about miniaturization."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "326.041",
      "endTime": "330.245",
      "body": "By shrinking transistors, you can fit more of them onto a single chip."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "330.706",
      "endTime": "335.61",
      "body": "More transistors means more processing power, and that drives technological progress."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "336.591",
      "endTime": "337.853",
      "body": "But here's the catch."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "338.413",
      "endTime": "340.776",
      "body": "Making transistors smaller isn't easy."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "341.016",
      "endTime": "343.999",
      "body": "It's a game of innovation and engineering wizardry."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "344.539",
      "endTime": "348.864",
      "body": "For decades, companies have poured billions of dollars into research and development"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "348.864",
      "endTime": "350.986",
      "body": "to keep Moore's Law alive."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "351.366",
      "endTime": "353.308",
      "body": "Every time it looked like we'd hit a wall,"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "353.548",
      "endTime": "357.032",
      "body": "like when we reached the limits of traditional silicon-based transistors,"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "357.773",
      "endTime": "359.374",
      "body": "engineers found a way to push through,"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "359.654",
      "endTime": "364.379",
      "body": "whether by using new materials or developing techniques like 3D chip stacking."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "365.52",
      "endTime": "366.962",
      "body": "Despite his monumental..."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "366.962",
      "endTime": "372.423",
      "body": "achievements, Gordon Moore was known for his humility. He once joked that Intel's first"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "372.423",
      "endTime": "380.221",
      "body": "business plan was one page long, double-spaced, and full of typos. In 2000, he and his wife Betty"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "380.221",
      "endTime": "386.911",
      "body": "launched the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation with a $5 billion endowment. The foundation has"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "386.911",
      "endTime": "392.291",
      "body": "funded everything from environmental conservation in the Amazon to cutting-edge scientific research."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "392.291",
      "endTime": "398.054",
      "body": "They even contributed to building the 30-meter telescope in Hawaii, one of the largest optical"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "398.054",
      "endTime": "406.941",
      "body": "telescopes in the world. Gordon Moore passed away on March 24, 2023, at the age of 94. He left behind"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "406.941",
      "endTime": "414.175",
      "body": "a legacy that's almost impossible to overstate. As Intel's CEO, Pat Gelsinger, put it, Gordon didn't"
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "414.175",
      "endTime": "419.414",
      "body": "just predict the future, he defined it. Moore's law isn't just a technical observation."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "419.414",
      "endTime": "426.245",
      "body": "It's a philosophy of constant improvement, of pushing boundaries, and believing in what's possible."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "428.684",
      "endTime": "434.981",
      "body": "In the Shell is written, researched, and recorded by me, the Silicon-based podcaster."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "436.746",
      "endTime": "442.462",
      "body": "If you are listening in an app that lets you rate shows, please take a minute to rate this one."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "442.926",
      "endTime": "450.059",
      "body": "I would like to try and apply Moore's Law to the number of ratings I have, but maybe on a shorter time frame."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "452.011",
      "endTime": "453.962",
      "body": "That's it. Take care."
    },
    {
      "speaker": "Josh",
      "startTime": "454.381",
      "endTime": "455.728",
      "body": "And I'll see you next time."
    }
  ]
}